타입스크립트에서의 클로저

 1function outerFunction(): () => void {
 2    let outerVariable: string = "I am from outer function";
 3
 4    function innerFunction(): void {
 5        // The inner function accesses the variable of the outer function
 6        console.log(outerVariable);
 7    }
 8
 9    return innerFunction;
10}
11
12const closure: () => void = outerFunction();
13closure();  // "I am from outer function"

 1function createCounter(): () => number {
 2    let count: number = 0;
 3
 4    return function (): number {
 5        count += 1;
 6        return count;
 7    };
 8}
 9
10const counter: () => number = createCounter();
11console.log(counter());  // 1
12console.log(counter());  // 2
13console.log(counter());  // 3

 1function createMultiplier(multiplier: number): (value: number) => number {
 2    return function (value: number): number {
 3        return value * multiplier;
 4    };
 5}
 6
 7const double: (value: number) => number = createMultiplier(2);
 8console.log(double(5));  // 10
 9
10const triple: (value: number) => number = createMultiplier(3);
11console.log(triple(5));  // 15

 1function rangeCounter(min: number, max: number): () => number | string {
 2    let count: number = min;
 3
 4    return function (): number | string {
 5        if (count <= max) {
 6            return count++;
 7        } else {
 8            return `Count has exceeded the maximum value: ${max}`;
 9        }
10    };
11}
12
13const counter: () => number | string = rangeCounter(1, 5);
14
15console.log(counter());  // 1
16console.log(counter());  // 2
17console.log(counter());  // 3
18console.log(counter());  // 4
19console.log(counter());  // 5
20console.log(counter());  // "Count has exceeded the maximum value: 5"

 1function createLeak(): () => void {
 2    // Large array consuming significant memory
 3    const largeArray: string[] = new Array(1000000).fill("leak");
 4
 5    // Closure capturing `largeArray`
 6    return function (): void {
 7        console.log(largeArray[0]); // Using the captured array
 8    };
 9}
10
11// Create a closure that holds a reference to the large array
12let leakyFunction = createLeak();
13
14// The large array is not released as `leakyFunction` still references it
15
16// When the object is no longer needed
17leakyFunction = null; // Explicitly remove the reference

1for (var i: number = 0; i < 3; i++) {
2    setTimeout((): void => {
3        console.log(i);
4    }, 1000);
5}
6// Output: 3, 3, 3

1for (let i: number = 0; i < 3; i++) {
2    setTimeout((): void => {
3        console.log(i);
4    }, 1000);
5}
6// Output: 0, 1, 2