자바스크립트 클래스의 추가 기능

 1class Person {
 2    // Define private property
 3    #name;
 4
 5    constructor(name) {
 6        this.#name = name;
 7    }
 8
 9    // Method to access the private property
10    getName() {
11        return this.#name;
12    }
13
14    // Method to change the private property
15    setName(newName) {
16        this.#name = newName;
17    }
18}
19
20const john = new Person("John");
21console.log(john.getName()); // John
22
23// Cannot access private property directly
24console.log(john.#name); // SyntaxError: Private field '#name' must be declared in an enclosing class

 1class Counter {
 2    #count = 0;
 3
 4    increment() {
 5        this.#count++;
 6        this.#logCount(); // Calling private method
 7    }
 8
 9    // Private method
10    #logCount() {
11        console.log(`Current count: ${this.#count}`);
12    }
13}
14
15const counter = new Counter();
16counter.increment(); // Current count: 1
17
18// Cannot access private method directly
19counter.#logCount(); // SyntaxError: Private field '#logCount' must be declared in an enclosing class

 1class Car {
 2    constructor(brand) {
 3        this._brand = brand; // Using an underscore to indicate private
 4    }
 5
 6    getBrand() {
 7        return this._brand;
 8    }
 9}
10
11const car = new Car("Toyota");
12console.log(car.getBrand()); // Toyota
13console.log(car._brand); // Toyota (Accessible from outside)

 1function createPerson(name) {
 2    let _name = name; // Private variable within function scope
 3
 4    return {
 5        getName: function() {
 6            return _name;
 7        },
 8        setName: function(newName) {
 9            _name = newName;
10        }
11    };
12}
13
14const person = createPerson("Alice");
15console.log(person.getName()); // Alice
16person.setName("Bob");
17console.log(person.getName()); // Bob
18
19// Cannot access directly from outside
20console.log(person._name); // undefined

 1const user = {
 2    name: 'John',
 3    address: {
 4        street: '123 Main St',
 5        city: 'New York'
 6    }
 7};
 8
 9// Without using optional chaining
10const city = user && user.address && user.address.city;
11console.log(city);  // New York
12
13// Using optional chaining
14const cityWithOptionalChaining = user?.address?.city;
15console.log(cityWithOptionalChaining);  // New York

1const users = [{ name: 'Alice' }, { name: 'Bob' }];
2
3// Accessing the non-existent third element
4const thirdUser = users[2]?.name;
5console.log(thirdUser);  // undefined

 1const user = {
 2    greet: function() {
 3        return 'Hello!';
 4    }
 5};
 6
 7// Call the function only if greet exists
 8const greeting = user.greet?.();
 9console.log(greeting);  // Hello!
10
11// Return undefined if greet does not exist
12const nonExistentGreeting = user.nonExistentMethod?.();
13console.log(nonExistentGreeting);  // undefined

 1const user = {
 2    name: 'John',
 3    address: {
 4        city: 'New York'
 5    }
 6};
 7
 8// Set a default value for a non-existent property
 9const state = user?.address?.state || 'Unknown';
10console.log(state);  // Unknown
11
12// Example using the nullish coalescing operator
13const zipCode = user?.address?.zipCode ?? '00000';
14console.log(zipCode);  // 00000