JavaScriptにおけるミュータブルとイミュータブル

1let person = { name: "Alice", age: 25 };
2person.age = 26;
3console.log(person); // { name: "Alice", age: 26 }

1let numbers = [1, 2, 3];
2numbers.push(4);
3console.log(numbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

 1// Function to append a value to an array
 2function append(arr, value) {
 3    arr.push(value); // Modify the original array
 4    console.log(arr);
 5}
 6
 7let numbers = [1, 2, 3];
 8append(numbers, 4);
 9
10console.log(numbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4] (original array is modified)

1let str = "hello";
2str[0] = "H";
3console.log(str); // "hello"

 1// Function to increment a number
 2function increment(num) {
 3    num++; // This modifies only the local copy of num
 4    console.log(num);
 5}
 6
 7let number = 10;
 8increment(number);
 9
10console.log(number); // 10 (original number remains unchanged)

1// Create an array of numbers
2let numbers = [1, 2, 3];
3
4// Create a new array by spreading the original and adding a new element
5let newNumbers = [...numbers, 4];
6
7console.log(numbers); // [1, 2, 3] (original array is unchanged)
8console.log(newNumbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4] (new array with an added element)

1// Create a frozen object (properties cannot be modified)
2const person = Object.freeze({ name: "Alice", age: 25 });
3
4// Attempt to modify a property (ignored in non-strict mode, error in strict mode)
5person.age = 26;
6
7console.log(person); // { name: "Alice", age: 25 }

1// Create a frozen object with a nested object
2const user = Object.freeze({ profile: { name: "Bob" } });
3
4// Attempt to modify a nested property (this works because Object.freeze() is shallow)
5user.profile.name = "Charlie";
6
7console.log(user.profile.name); // "Charlie" (nested object is still mutable)

 1// Function to deeply freeze an object, making all nested objects immutable
 2function deepFreeze(obj) {
 3  Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {
 4    if (typeof obj[key] === "object" && obj[key] !== null) {
 5      deepFreeze(obj[key]); // Recursively freeze nested objects
 6    }
 7  });
 8  return Object.freeze(obj); // Freeze the top-level object
 9}
10
11// Create a deeply frozen object
12const user = deepFreeze({ profile: { name: "Bob" } });
13
14// Attempt to modify a nested property (ignored)
15user.profile.name = "Charlie";
16
17console.log(user.profile.name); // "Bob" (unchanged due to deep freeze)