Semantic na HTML
Ang artikulong ito ay nagpapaliwanag ng semantic HTML.
Ihambing ang HTML4 sa HTML5 at ipaliwanag ang mga semantikong tag na ginagamit sa HTML5.
YouTube Video
HTML5 na Semantic na Mga Tag
Ang mga semantic tag, tulad ng <header> at <main> na mga tag, ay mga tag na may dalang kahulugan, na ipinakilala sa HTML5. Bago iyon, sa HTML4, ang <div> na tag ang pangunahing ginagamit.
Nasa ibaba ang isang halimbawa ng HTML5 na nilikha gamit ang mga semantic na tag.
1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6 <title>HTML5 Example</title>
7</head>
8<body>
9 <!-- Header -->
10 <header>
11 <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
12 </header>
13
14 <!-- Navigation menu -->
15 <nav>
16 <ul>
17 <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
18 <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
19 <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
20 </ul>
21 </nav>
22
23 <!-- Main content -->
24 <main>
25 <h2>About Us</h2>
26 <p>This is a simple website created using HTML5 tags.</p>
27 </main>
28
29 <!-- Footer -->
30 <footer>
31 <p>© 2024 My Website</p>
32 </footer>
33</body>
34</html>Nasa ibaba ang isang halimbawa ng HTML4 na ginawa gamit ang <div> na mga tag.
1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
5 <title>HTML4 Example</title>
6</head>
7<body>
8 <!-- Header -->
9 <div id="header">
10 <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
11 </div>
12
13 <!-- Navigation menu -->
14 <div id="nav">
15 <ul>
16 <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
17 <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
18 <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
19 </ul>
20 </div>
21
22 <!-- Main content -->
23 <div id="main">
24 <h2>About Us</h2>
25 <p>This is a simple website created using HTML4 structure.</p>
26 </div>
27
28 <!-- Footer -->
29 <div id="footer">
30 <p>© 2024 My Website</p>
31 </div>
32</body>
33</html>Isang halimbawa ng post sa blog na isinulat gamit ang mga semantic na tag.
Mayroon ding iba pang mga semantic na tag tulad ng <article> at <section>.
Bilang halimbawa, magsusulat tayo ng blog post gamit ang mga semantic na tag.
1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6 <title>My Blog</title>
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="theme-blog.css">
8</head>
9<body>
10 <!-- Website Header -->
11 <header>
12 <h1>My Blog</h1>
13 <p>Sharing knowledge and ideas</p>
14 </header>
15
16 <!-- Navigation Menu -->
17 <nav>
18 <ul>
19 <li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
20 <li><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
21 <li><a href="contact.html">Contact</a></li>
22 </ul>
23 </nav>
24
25 <!-- Main Content -->
26 <main>
27 <!-- Blog Article -->
28 <article>
29 <header>
30 <h2>Understanding Semantic HTML</h2>
31 <p>Posted on <time datetime="2024-09-08">September 8, 2024</time> by <a href="author.html">John Doe</a></p>
32 </header>
33
34 <section>
35 <h3>What is Semantic HTML?</h3>
36 <p>Semantic HTML refers to the use of HTML5 elements that clearly describe their meaning in a human- and machine-readable way.</p>
37 </section>
38
39 <section>
40 <h3>Why is Semantic HTML Important?</h3>
41 <p>Using semantic tags helps improve accessibility, search engine optimization (SEO), and the overall structure of the web page. It allows search engines to better understand the content, and assistive technologies to accurately convey information to users.</p>
42 </section>
43
44 <footer>
45 <p>Tags: <a href="#">HTML</a>, <a href="#">Web Development</a>, <a href="#">Accessibility</a></p>
46 </footer>
47 </article>
48
49 <!-- Related Articles (Sidebar) -->
50 <aside>
51 <h3>Related Articles</h3>
52 <ul>
53 <li><a href="#">The Benefits of Using Semantic HTML</a></li>
54 <li><a href="#">Improving SEO with Semantic Markup</a></li>
55 <li><a href="#">Accessible Web Design: Best Practices</a></li>
56 </ul>
57 </aside>
58 </main>
59
60 <!-- Website Footer -->
61 <footer>
62 <p>© 2024 My Blog. All rights reserved.</p>
63 <p><a href="privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="terms.html">Terms of Service</a></p>
64 </footer>
65</body>
66</html>-
<header>: Ang<header>na tag ay ginagamit para sa kabuuang header ng pahina pati na rin sa header ng bawat artikulo. Kasama nito ang pamagat ng website, pamagat ng artikulo, petsa ng paglalathala, at impormasyon ng may-akda. -
<nav>: Ang<nav>na tag ay kumakatawan sa navigation menu ng site, na naglalaman ng mga link tulad ng Home, About, at Contact. -
<main>: Ang<main>na tag ay kumakatawan sa pangunahing nilalaman ng pahina, kabilang ang mga artikulo ng blog at kaugnay na nilalaman. -
<article>: Ang<article>na tag ay isang semantic na tag na bumabalot sa mismong artikulo ng blog, na nagmumungkahi na ang artikulo ay isang independent na nilalaman. -
<section>: Ang<section>na tag ay kumakatawan sa bawat seksyon sa loob ng artikulo. -
<aside>: Ang<aside>na tag ay kumakatawan sa karagdagang impormasyon na kaugnay ng pangunahing nilalaman, tulad ng 'Related Articles'. -
<footer>: Ang<footer>na tag ay ginagamit para sa kabuuang paa ng pahina at upang ipakita ang mga tag para sa artikulo.
Ang paggamit ng mga semantic na tag tulad nito ay nagpapalinaw sa istruktura ng dokumento. Halimbawa, ang <body> na tag ay binubuo ng mga tag na <header>, <nav>, <main>, at <footer>. Karagdagan pa, ang <main> na tag ay binubuo ng mga tag na <article> at <aside>.
Sa halimbawang ito, ang <article> na tag ay binubuo rin ng mga semantic na tag.
Halimbawa ng Paglalapat ng CSS
Ngayon, ilapat natin ang CSS sa HTML ng artikulo ng blog. Ipaliwanag ang CSS sa isang hiwalay na video.
1/* Reset */
2* {
3 margin: 0;
4 padding: 0;
5 box-sizing: border-box;
6}
7
8/* Body styles */
9body {
10 font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
11 line-height: 1.6;
12 background-color: #f4f4f4;
13 color: #333;
14 padding: 20px;
15}
16
17/* Header styles */
18header {
19 text-align: center;
20 padding: 20px;
21 background-color: #333;
22 color: white;
23 margin-bottom: 20px;
24}
25
26header h1 {
27 font-size: 2.5rem;
28}
29
30header p {
31 font-size: 1.2rem;
32 font-style: italic;
33}
34
35/* Navigation menu */
36nav {
37 background-color: #555;
38 padding: 10px;
39}
40
41nav ul {
42 list-style: none;
43 text-align: center;
44}
45
46nav ul li {
47 display: inline-block;
48 margin-right: 15px;
49}
50
51nav ul li a {
52 color: white;
53 text-decoration: none;
54 font-weight: bold;
55}
56
57nav ul li a:hover {
58 color: #f4f4f4;
59 text-decoration: underline;
60}
61
62/* Main content styles */
63main {
64 display: flex;
65 flex-wrap: wrap;
66 justify-content: space-between;
67 align-items: flex-start;
68}
69
70article {
71 flex: 3;
72 background-color: white;
73 padding: 20px;
74 border-radius: 5px;
75 box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
76 margin-bottom: 20px;
77}
78
79/* Article header */
80article header h2 {
81 font-size: 2rem;
82 margin-bottom: 10px;
83}
84
85article header p {
86 font-size: 0.9rem;
87 color: #666;
88}
89
90article section h3 {
91 font-size: 1.5rem;
92 margin-top: 20px;
93}
94
95article section p {
96 margin: 10px 0;
97}
98
99/* Article footer */
100article footer {
101 margin-top: 20px;
102 font-size: 0.9rem;
103}
104
105article footer p a {
106 color: #3498db;
107 text-decoration: none;
108}
109
110article footer p a:hover {
111 text-decoration: underline;
112}
113
114/* Sidebar styles */
115aside {
116 flex: 1;
117 background-color: #fff;
118 padding: 20px;
119 margin-left: 20px;
120 border-radius: 5px;
121 box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
122}
123
124aside h3 {
125 font-size: 1.5rem;
126 margin-bottom: 10px;
127}
128
129aside ul {
130 list-style: none;
131 padding-left: 0;
132}
133
134aside ul li {
135 margin-bottom: 10px;
136}
137
138aside ul li a {
139 color: #3498db;
140 text-decoration: none;
141}
142
143aside ul li a:hover {
144 text-decoration: underline;
145}
146
147/* Footer styles */
148footer {
149 text-align: center;
150 padding: 20px;
151 background-color: #333;
152 color: white;
153 margin-top: 20px;
154}
155
156footer p {
157 margin: 5px 0;
158}
159
160footer a {
161 color: #3498db;
162 text-decoration: none;
163}
164
165footer a:hover {
166 text-decoration: underline;
167}
168
169/* Responsive design */
170@media (max-width: 768px) {
171 main {
172 flex-direction: column;
173 }
174
175 aside {
176 margin-left: 0;
177 }
178}Maaari mong sundan ang artikulo sa itaas gamit ang Visual Studio Code sa aming YouTube channel. Paki-check din ang aming YouTube channel.