TypeScript中的可变性和不可变性

1type Person = { name: string; age: number };
2
3// Mutable Example: Object
4let person: Person = { name: "Alice", age: 25 };
5person.age = 26;
6console.log(person); // { name: "Alice", age: 26 }

1// Mutable Example: Array
2let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
3numbers.push(4);
4console.log(numbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

1// Mutable Example: Function
2function append(arr: number[], value: number): void {
3    arr.push(value); // Modify the original array
4    console.log(arr);
5}
6
7let nums: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
8append(nums, 4);
9console.log(nums); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

1// Immutable Example: String
2let str: string = "hello";
3str[0] = "H"; // Error: Index assignment is not allowed
4console.log(str); // "hello"

1// Immutable Example: Function
2function increment(num: number): number {
3    num++; // This modifies only the local copy of num
4    return num;
5}
6
7let number: number = 10;
8console.log(increment(number)); // 11
9console.log(number); // 10 (original number remains unchanged)

1// Create an array of numbers
2let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
3
4// Immutable Example: Creating a new array
5let newNumbers: number[] = [...numbers, 4];
6
7console.log(numbers); // [1, 2, 3] (original array is unchanged)
8console.log(newNumbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4] (new array with an added element)

1// Create a frozen object (properties cannot be modified)
2const person = Object.freeze({ name: "Alice", age: 25 });
3
4// Attempt to modify a property (ignored in non-strict mode, error in strict mode)
5person.age = 26;
6
7console.log(person); // { name: "Alice", age: 25 }

1// Create a frozen object with a nested object
2const user: Readonly<{ profile: { name: string } }> = Object.freeze({
3    profile: { name: "Bob" }
4});
5
6// Attempt to modify a nested property (this works because Object.freeze() is shallow)
7user.profile.name = "Charlie"; // No TypeScript error, but still mutable
8
9console.log(user.profile.name); // "Charlie" (nested object is still mutable)

 1// Function to deeply freeze an object, making all nested objects immutable
 2function deepFreeze<T>(obj: T): Readonly<T> {
 3    Object.freeze(obj);
 4    Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj).forEach(prop => {
 5        const value = (obj as any)[prop];
 6        if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) {
 7            deepFreeze(value);
 8        }
 9    });
10    return obj;
11}
12
13// Create a deeply frozen object
14const user = deepFreeze({
15  profile: { name: "Bob" }
16});
17
18// Attempt to modify a nested property
19// (this will now throw an error in strict mode)
20user.profile.name = "Charlie";  // No TypeScript error, but modification is not allowed at runtime
21
22console.log(user.profile.name); // "Bob" (unchanged due to deep freeze)