Python 中条件语句的最佳实践

1condition = True
2
3### Bad Example
4if condition == True:
5    pass
6
7### Good Example
8if condition:
9    pass

 1age = 15
 2is_student = True
 3
 4### Bad Example
 5# Complex condition
 6if (age > 18 and age < 65) or (is_student and age > 15):
 7    pass
 8
 9### Good Example
10# Improving readability
11is_working_age = 18 < age < 65
12is_eligible_student = is_student and age > 15
13
14if is_working_age or is_eligible_student:
15    pass

 1user = None
 2def expensive_check():
 3    return True
 4
 5# Example of short-circuiting with 'and'
 6if user and user.is_active:
 7    # If user is None, user.is_active will NOT be evaluated
 8    print("Active user found.")
 9
10# Example of short-circuiting with 'or'
11if user.is_admin or expensive_check(user):
12    # If user.is_admin is True, expensive_check will NOT be called.
13    print("Access granted.")
14else:
15    print("Access denied.")

 1age = 15
 2is_student = True
 3
 4### Unclear example
 5# This is interpreted as: age > 18 and (age < 65 or is_student)
 6if age > 18 and age < 65 or is_student:
 7    pass
 8
 9### Clear example
10# Explicit parentheses make the intended logic obvious
11if (age > 18 and age < 65) or is_student:
12    pass

1items = [1, 2, 3]
2
3### Bad Example
4if len(items) > 0:
5    pass
6
7### Good Example
8if items:
9    pass

 1score = 80
 2
 3if score >= 90:
 4    grade = "A"
 5elif score >= 80:
 6    grade = "B"
 7elif score >= 70:
 8    grade = "C"
 9else:
10    grade = "F"

 1def access_resource():
 2    return True
 3
 4### Bad Example
 5def deep_nest(user, resource):
 6    if user.is_authenticated:
 7        if user.has_permission:
 8            if resource.is_available:
 9                access_resource()
10
11### Good Example
12def early_return(user, resource):
13    if not user.is_authenticated:
14        return
15    if not user.has_permission:
16        return
17    if not resource.is_available:
18        return
19
20    access_resource()

 1condition = False
 2def do_something():
 3    return True
 4
 5### Bad Example
 6if condition: do_something()
 7
 8### Good Example
 9if condition:
10    do_something()

 1is_admin = True
 2input_name = None
 3
 4# Regular if statement
 5if is_admin:
 6    role = "Administrator"
 7else:
 8    role = "User"
 9
10# Simplified using an inline if
11role = "Administrator" if is_admin else "User"
12
13# Use 'or' to provide a default value
14name = input_name or "Guest"

 1def expensive_function():
 2    pass
 3
 4def another_expensive_function():
 5    pass
 6
 7### Bad Example
 8if expensive_function() and another_expensive_function():
 9    pass
10
11### Good Example
12result1 = expensive_function()
13result2 = another_expensive_function()
14if result1 and result2:
15    pass